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Attributes of Incognito The Secret Lives of The Brain PDF
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The Writers
Proportions of Incognito The Secret Lives of The Brain PDF
- Identification Number : 1782112464
- Publisher : Canongate Canons; Main – Re-issue (Canon) edition (April 7, 2016)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 304 pages
- International Standard Book Number-10 : 9781782112464
- International Standard Book Number-13 : 978-1782112464
- Item Weight : 10 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.08 x 0.87 x 7.8 inches
Reviews From Customers
Zachary M. Fresco
“I” loved it. But, some of my mental subroutines were hurt.
March 15, 2019
“I” really like this book. It’s clearly written with lots of good examples and about something really important, what we are.
Some of my mental subroutines took offense at being thought of as zombies. They insist that they’re fully conscious and that their thoughts are just as real as mine, regardless of what they decide to pass on up the chain of command. Many of them even claim that their consciousness is more visceral, more detailed, more real than mine. But they’re crazy and I usually just ignore them.
3
DJS
Author in conflict with his own views
April 13, 2020
If you read even a modest amount of neuroscience and psychology most of the author’s examples and interpretations won’t surprise you. The author does weave them into a convincing argument against cognitive free will. As he moves into the second part of the book and criminal sentencing reforms he suggests we transition to his particular area of interest the “prefrontal workout” which is an interesting use of technology to allow the criminal to exercise his mind to achieve a socially acceptable outcome. This would appear to be an exercise of free will the author has just convinced the reader is not scientifically sound. I’m sure if pressed on this contradiction the author would invoke the ‘team of rivals’ concept and programming of the subconscious mind. However, it is striking how much we lack free will in the first half of the book and how much we should rely on criminals to freely choose a path to socially acceptable norms (his method). The method may some day be honed well enough to reliably ameliorate recidivism but should invoke a healthy free will debate.
Richard Dorsey
Know thy self
June 20, 2019
Eagleman shows you why you can’t know yourself because most of you is incognito. Consciousness is less than the tip of your iceberg. Knowing what you don’t know becomes more important after reading Incognito. Deep space and quantum mechanics have nothing on exploring the unconscious you. Look out Dennett, Eagleman’s insightful analogies will open reader’s inner eyes to thoughtful philosophical possibilities. Is there a defaUt mechanism that switches on off when our minds get too close to the unconscious zone? Must read. On the hunt for more Eagleman.
Tom Hunter
Excellent — Limited Only by The State of Current Brain Research
November 13, 2021
This excellent book is an outlier among brain books. Eagleman is able to create a bright narrative on how the brain works and the early chapters are fascinating.
“The more surprising aspect of this framework is that the internal data is not generated by external sensory data but merely modulated by it. In 1911, Scottish mountaineer and neurophysiologist Thomas Graham Brown showed that the program for moving the muscles for walking is built into the machinery of the spinal cord. He severed the sensory nerves from a cat’s legs and demonstrated that the cat could walk on a treadmill perfectly well. This indicated that the program for walking was internally generated in the spinal cord and that sensory feedback from the legs was used only to modulate the program–when, say, the cat stepped on a slippery surface and needed to stay upright.
“The deep secret of the brain is that not only the spinal cord but the entire central nervous system works this way: internally generated activity is modulated by sensory input. In this view, the difference between being awake and being asleep is merely that the data coming in from the eyes anchors the perception. Asleep vision (dreaming) is perception that is not tied down to anything in the real world; waking perception is something like dreaming with a little more commitment to what’s in front of you.”
However, this book faces the same problem faced by all modern brain researchers: we only understand so much of how the brain works. When Eagleman is detailing the structures and processes of the brain, he paints a compelling picture that organizes and clarifies well how things work. The brain, most of all is a prediction machine. When you receive inputs through your senses, the traces of those inputs are captured. Say, for the sake of explanation, you had a traumatic experience–you went camping in the rain and a snake crawled in the tent and bit you–and 30 aspects of that experience left behind traces. So, in the future, when you encounter, say, 21 of those same traces, then your mind is going to see that this current situation is quite similar and it signals. “Look for snake!” We say your brain is a prediction machine but all it’s doing is noticing things that have similarities to past experiences.
“Throughout the brain there is as much feedback as feed-forward–a feature of brain wiring that is technically called recurrence and colloquially called loopiness. The whole system looks a lot more like a marketplace than an assembly line. To the careful observer, these features of the neurocircuitry immediately raise the possibility that visual perception is not just a procession of data crunching that begins from the eyes and ends with some mysterious end point at the back of the brain.
“In fact, nested feedback connections are so extensive that the system can even run backward. That is, in contrast to the idea that the primary sensory areas merely process input into successively more complex interpretations for the next highest area of the brain, the higher areas are also talking directly back to the lower ones. For instance: shut your eyes and imagine an ant crawling on a red-and-white tablecloth toward a jar of purple jelly. The low-level parts of your visual system just lit up with activity. Even though you weren’t actually seeing the ant, you were seeing it in your mind’s eye. The higher-level areas were driving the lower ones. So although the eyes feed into these low-level brain areas, the interconnectedness of the system means these areas do just fine on their own in the dark.”
Connecting these dots and the following ones is the primary achievement of this book. He gets us closer to understanding how this bag of meat between our ears actually works.
“So what is the advantage of a loopy brain? First, it permits an organism to transcend stimulus-response behavior, and instead confers the ability to make predictions ahead of actual sensory input….” When we see someone throw a ball, our brain predicts where the ball will be. “Our brains do not work solely from the latest sensory data, but instead construct predictions about where the ball is about to be.
“This is a specific example of the broader concept of internal models of the outside world. The brain internally simulates what will happen if you were to perform some action under specific conditions. Internal models not only play a role in motor acts (such as catching a ball) but also underlie conscious perception.” The idea is that “perception works not by building up bits of captured data, but instead by matching expectations to incoming sensory data.
“… The visual cortex is fundamentally a machine whose job is to generate a model of the world. The primary visual cortex constructs an internal model that allows it to anticipate the data streaming up from the retina. The cortex sends its predictions to the thalamus, which reports on the DIFFERENCE between what comes in through the eyes and what was already anticipated. The thalamus sends back to the cortex only that difference information–that is, the bit that wasn’t predicted away. This unpredicted information adjusts the internal model so there will be less of a mismatch in the future.”
This is a great book, full of illustrative examples and is only limited by the state of current neurology. Highly recommended.
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